rtti.h

/*
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
 
    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
 
#ifndef LIB_RTTI_H_
#define LIB_RTTI_H_
 
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cstdint>
#include <type_traits>
 
 
namespace RTTI {
 
using TypeId = std::uint64_t;
static constexpr TypeId InvalidTypeId = UINT64_C(0);
static constexpr unsigned kDiscriminatorBits = 56;
static constexpr uint64_t kInnerTypeIdMask = (UINT64_C(1) << kDiscriminatorBits) - 1;
static constexpr uint64_t kHashDiscriminator = UINT64_C(0xFF);
 
namespace detail {
// Apparently string_view does not optimize properly in constexpr context
// for GCC < 13
struct TypeNameHolder {
    template <size_t N>
    constexpr TypeNameHolder(const char (&str)[N]) : str(&str[0]), length(N - 1) {}  // NOLINT
 
    const char *str;
    size_t length;
};
 
// Derive the string containing the ultimate typename of `T`. The resulting
// string should be available in constexpr context.
// TODO: Probably use std::source_location::function_name with C++20
template <typename T>
constexpr TypeNameHolder typeNameProxy() {
#ifdef __clang__
    return __PRETTY_FUNCTION__;
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
    return __PRETTY_FUNCTION__;
#else
// TODO: We might use __FUNCSIG__ with MSVC should this will be necessary.
#error "Unsupported compiler"
#endif
}
 
static constexpr uint64_t FNV1a(const char *str, size_t n,
                                uint64_t hash = UINT64_C(0xcbf29ce484222325)) {
    return n == 0 ? hash : FNV1a(str + 1, n - 1, UINT64_C(0x100000001b3) * (hash ^ str[0]));
}
 
static constexpr uint64_t FNV1a(TypeNameHolder str) { return FNV1a(str.str, str.length); }
 
// TypeIdResolver provides a unified way to getting typeid of the type `T`. Typeid
// could be derived in two different ways:
//   * Explicitly, if `T` implements a `T::static_typeId()` method that could be
//     used in a constexpr context
//   * Implicitly, via hash from typename itself
//  Also, the explicit specification could fallback to an implicit one, of the
//  returned typeid is `InvalidTypeId`
//
//  The top 8 bits of typeid are reserved as discriminator and could be used to
//  delineate different typeids. Currently the following discriminators are reserved:
//   - 0xFF is used to mark all hash-derived typeids
//   - 0x00 is used to mark all explicitly-specified typeids
//  In addition, IR::Node hierarchy uses the following discriminators:
//   - 0x01 for Vector<T> with low 56 bits contain typeid of `T`.
//   - 0x02 for IndexedVector<T> with low 56 bits contain typeid of `T`.
//  One could use DECLARE_TYPEINFO_WITH_NESTED_TYPEID to combine typeids in such way.
 
// Default implementation of typeid resolver: use hash derived from type name,
// but mark upper 8 bits to be 0xFF
template <typename T, typename = void>
struct TypeIdResolver {
    static constexpr TypeId resolve() noexcept {
        // Get original 64-bit hash
        uint64_t hash = FNV1a(typeNameProxy<T>());
        // Xor-fold to obtain 56-bit value
        hash = (hash >> kDiscriminatorBits) ^ (hash & kInnerTypeIdMask);
        return (kHashDiscriminator << kDiscriminatorBits) | hash;
    }
};
 
// Specialized implementation that looks for static_typeId member.
template <typename T>
struct TypeIdResolver<T, std::void_t<decltype(T::static_typeId)>> {
    static constexpr uint64_t resolve() noexcept {
        constexpr TypeId id = T::static_typeId();
        // Allow fall-back implementation if class does not want to explicitly
        // specify a typeid
        if constexpr (id == InvalidTypeId) return TypeIdResolver<T, int>::resolve();
 
        return id;
    }
};
 
}  // namespace detail
 
static constexpr TypeId innerTypeId(TypeId id) { return id & kInnerTypeIdMask; }
 
static constexpr TypeId typeidDiscriminator(TypeId id) { return id >> kDiscriminatorBits; }
 
static constexpr TypeId combineTypeIdWithDiscriminator(TypeId discriminator, TypeId id) {
    return (discriminator << kDiscriminatorBits) | innerTypeId(id);
}
 
struct Base;
 
template <typename This, typename... Parents>
struct TypeInfo {
    using T = std::remove_const_t<std::remove_reference_t<This>>;
 
    static_assert((... && std::is_base_of_v<Parents, This>),
                  "One or more parents are not a base of this type.");
 
    static_assert((... && std::is_base_of_v<Base, Parents>),
                  "One or more parent hierarchies is not based on top of RTTI::Base.");
 
    static_assert(std::is_base_of_v<Base, This>,
                  "Invalid typeinfo requested, class is not based on top of RTTI::Base.");
 
    static_assert(
        std::is_same_v<T *, decltype(T::rttiEnabledMarker(nullptr))>,
        "Invalid typeinfo requested, class does not declare typeinfo via DECLARE_TYPEINFO.");
 
    [[nodiscard]] static constexpr TypeId id() noexcept {
        return detail::TypeIdResolver<T>::resolve();
    }
 
    [[nodiscard]] static constexpr bool isA(TypeId typeId) noexcept {
        return (id() == typeId) || (... || (Parents::TypeInfo::isA(typeId)));
    }
 
    template <typename T>
    [[nodiscard]] static const void *dyn_cast(TypeId typeId, const T *ptr) noexcept {
        if (id() == typeId) return static_cast<const This *>(ptr);
 
        std::array<const void *, sizeof...(Parents)> ptrs = {
            Parents::TypeInfo::dyn_cast(typeId, ptr)...};
 
        auto it =
            std::find_if(ptrs.begin(), ptrs.end(), [](const void *ptr) { return ptr != nullptr; });
        return (it != ptrs.end()) ? *it : nullptr;
    }
};
 
struct Base {
    virtual ~Base() = default;
 
    [[nodiscard]] virtual TypeId typeId() const noexcept = 0;
    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool isA(TypeId typeId) const noexcept = 0;
 
    template <typename T>
    [[nodiscard]] bool is() const noexcept {
        return isA(TypeInfo<T>::id());
    }
 
    template <typename T>
    [[nodiscard]] T *to() noexcept {
        return reinterpret_cast<T *>(const_cast<void *>(toImpl(TypeInfo<T>::id())));
    }
 
    template <typename T>
    [[nodiscard]] const T *to() const noexcept {
        return reinterpret_cast<const T *>(toImpl(TypeInfo<T>::id()));
    }
 
 protected:
    [[nodiscard]] virtual const void *toImpl(TypeId typeId) const noexcept = 0;
};
 
}  // namespace RTTI
 
#define DECLARE_TYPEINFO(T, ...)                                                  \
 private:                                                                         \
    static constexpr RTTI::TypeId static_typeId() { return RTTI::InvalidTypeId; } \
    DECLARE_TYPEINFO_COMMON(T, ##__VA_ARGS__)
// static_typeId is private above in order to hide explicit typeId from the base
// class, as in e.g.
// class A {
//  DECLARE_TYPEINFO_WITH_TYPEID(A, 42);
// };
// class B : public A {
//   DECLARE_TYPEINFO(A, B);
// };
// We need to ensure static_typeId is not visible inside `B`, otherwise
// TypeIdResolver will be confused.
 
#define DECLARE_TYPEINFO_WITH_TYPEID(T, Id, ...)                               \
 public:                                                                       \
    static constexpr RTTI::TypeId static_typeId() { return RTTI::TypeId(Id); } \
    DECLARE_TYPEINFO_COMMON(T, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
#define DECLARE_TYPEINFO_WITH_DISCRIMINATOR(T, Discriminator, InnerT, ...)         \
 public:                                                                           \
    static constexpr RTTI::TypeId static_typeId() {                                \
        return RTTI::combineTypeIdWithDiscriminator(RTTI::TypeId(Discriminator),   \
                                                    RTTI::TypeInfo<InnerT>::id()); \
    };                                                                             \
    DECLARE_TYPEINFO_COMMON(T, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
#define DECLARE_TYPEINFO_COMMON(T, ...)                                                    \
 public:                                                                                   \
    static constexpr T *rttiEnabledMarker(T *);                                            \
    using TypeInfo = RTTI::TypeInfo<T, ##__VA_ARGS__>;                                     \
    [[nodiscard]] RTTI::TypeId typeId() const noexcept override { return TypeInfo::id(); } \
    [[nodiscard]] bool isA(RTTI::TypeId typeId) const noexcept override {                  \
        return TypeInfo::isA(typeId);                                                      \
    }                                                                                      \
                                                                                           \
 protected:                                                                                \
    [[nodiscard]] const void *toImpl(RTTI::TypeId typeId) const noexcept override {        \
        return TypeInfo::isA(typeId) ? TypeInfo::dyn_cast(typeId, this) : nullptr;         \
    }
 
#endif /* LIB_RTTI_H_ */